Britain’s economy thrived after the withdrawal of the Roman Empire

Archaeological excavations near Aldborough, UK, are helping us understand life after Roman occupation R Ferraby & M.J. Millet When the Roman Empire withdrew from Britain, the result was not chaos and economic collapse. The metals industry in what is now northern England continued and even expanded in the subsequent centuries, according to an archaeological record…

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Gravitational waves finally prove Stephen Hawking’s black hole theorem

Illustration of two black holes merging and sending gravitational waves across the cosmos Maggie Chiang for Simons Foundation Stephen Hawking’s 50-year-old theorem on how black holes merge together has been successfully tested thanks to huge advances in gravitational wave astronomy, which helped astronomers catch the waves caused by an unusually powerful collision as they passed…

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Autism Has No Single Cause, Research Shows

Soon after psychiatrist Leo Kanner first identified autism in the 1940s, he and his colleagues proposed a simple explanation for its cause: mothers’ “lack of genuine warmth” toward their children. Being raised by “refrigerator mothers,” the researchers explained, was what caused autistic people’s difficulties with social communication and sensory processing and their repetitive behaviors and…

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Best-Yet Measurement of Merging Black Holes Confirms Einstein, Hawking and the ‘No Hair’ Theorem

September 10, 2025 5 min read New Black Hole Measurements Show More Ways Stephen Hawking and Albert Einstein Were Right Spacetime ripples from a black hole collision across the cosmos have confirmed weird aspects of black hole physics By Clara Moskowitz edited by Lee Billings An illustration imagines GW250114, a powerful collision between two black…

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