Human minds abhor uncertainty. This is a problem for liberal democracy

When it comes to understanding the ups and downs of liberal democracy, conventional research looks at drivers such as economics, emotions and education. But another area is just as crucial: neurology. After all, liberal democracy challenges our brain in ways that other political systems don’t. Where dictatorships offer certainty about the future – just think…

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Woodpecker hammering is a full-body affair

Hidden beneath all their rum-pum-pumming, woodpeckers are quietly grunt-grunt-grunting. The birds exhale with each strike, much like a tennis pro groaning through a stroke. Elaborate coordination between those breaths and muscles across the body keep their hammering at a perfectly consistent rate, researchers report November 6 in Journal of Experimental Biology. Research into the extraordinary…

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Hidden Guests review: This book is a great insight into the new science of microchimerism

“We are composed not only of human cells and microbes but also fragments of others…” Lois Fordham/Millennium Images Hidden GuestsLise Barnéoud, translated by Bronwyn Haslam, Greystone Books My children were conceived using donated eggs, so you would be forgiven for assuming we share no genetic material. Yet science has proved this isn’t entirely true. We…

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